In biology, quorum sensing or quorum signaling (QS) [1 ] [2 ] is the process of cell-to-cell communication [3 ] that allows bacteria to detect and respond to cell population density by gene regulation, typically as a means of acclimating to…
Most RNA viruses lack the mechanisms to recognize and correct mutations that arise during genome replication, resulting in quasispecies diversity that is required for pathogenesis and adaptation.
Mirnas participate in the regulation of apoptosis. However, it remains largely unknown as to how miRNAs are integrated into the apoptotic program. Mitochondrial fission is involved in the initiation of apoptosis.
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common causes of end-stage renal failure, but the factors responsible for the development of diabetic nephropathy have not been fully elucidated.
Estrogen receptors (ERs) protect pancreatic islet survival in mice through rapid extranuclear actions. ERα also enhances insulin synthesis in cultured islets. Whether ERα stimulates insulin synthesis in vivo and, if so, through which…