Apis mellifera Linnaeus (1758), a honey bee, is a eusocial insect widely known for its role in pollination, an essential ecosystem service for plant biodiversity, and quality of vegetables and fruit products.
This synthesis has three main parts. The first discusses the overall tree of life and nature of the last common ancestor (cenancestor). I emphasize key steps in cellular evolution important for ord.
In vertebrates, proper patterning during appendage regeneration is regulated by positional memory—a cellular property hypothesized to rely on gradients of molecules present in uninjured limbs.