Charlemagne (/ ˈ ʃ ɑːr l ə m eɪ n/ SHAR-lə-mayn; 2 April 748 [a ] – 28 January 814) was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor of what is now known as the Carolingian Empire from 800.
This work envisions a new encryption primitive for manyto-many paradigms such as group messaging systems. Previously, puncturable encryption (PE) was introduced to provide forward security for asynchronous messaging services.